Assessment of carvacrol paste as endodontic medication associated with laser photobiomodulation in tissue repair: an experimental study in rats / Avaliação da pasta de carvacrol como medicação endodôntica associada à fotobiomodulação a laser no reparo: um estudo experimental em ratos

This study aimed to analyze the tissue reaction caused by carvacrol paste associated or not with laser photobiomodulation (LPBM) at λ660 nm in the subcutaneous tissue of rats. Sixty Wistar rats were divided into four groups and they received the following interventions: subcutaneous implantation of empty polyethylene tubes (CTR), implantation of tubes containing carvacrol paste (CVC), implantation of empty tubes and LPBM (LLLT), and implantation of tubes containing carvacrol paste and LPBM (CVCLT). The animals were euthanized at three, eight, and 15 days after surgery. The inflammatory reaction and fibroplasia were analyzed histomorphometrically. Significant differences among the groups were determined by ANOVA and Tukey's test (p<0.05). In the 3-day period, the CVCLT group had low inflammatory infiltration (p<0.01). In the 8- and 15-day periods, the LLLT and CVCLT groups presented a low amount of lymphocytic inflammatory infiltrate (p<0.01 and p<0.05). Regarding the formation of fibrous tissue, the CVC group had the highest formation of type III collagen in the 8-day period (p<0.001). In the 15-day period, the CVCLT group had a lower formation of type I collagen than the CTR and LLLT groups (p<0.05). The use of the carvacrol paste associated with photobiomodulation optimizes the inflammatory period and tissue repair.

Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar a reação tecidual causada pela pasta de carvacrol associada ou não à fotobiomodulação a laser (LPBM) a λ660 nm no tecido subcutâneo de ratos. Sessenta ratos Wistar foram divididos em quatro grupos e receberam as seguintes intervenções: implantação subcutânea de tubos de polietileno vazios (CTR); implantação de tubos contendo pasta de carvacrol (CVC); implantação de tubos vazios e LPBM (LLLT); implantação de tubos contendo pasta de carvacrol e LPBM (CVCLT). Os animais foram eutanasiados aos 03, 08 e 15 dias após a cirurgia. A reação inflamatória e a fibroplasia foram analisadas histologicamente. Diferenças significativas entre os grupos foram determinadas pelo teste ANOVA e teste de Tukey (p<0,05). No período de três dias, o grupo CVCLT apresentou menor infiltração inflamatória (p<0,01). No período de 8 e 15 dias, os grupos LLLT e CVCLT apresentaram menor quantidade de infiltrado inflamatório linfocitário (p<0,01 e p<0,05). Em relação à formação de tecido fibroso, o grupo CVC apresentou maior formação de colágeno tipo III no período de 8 dias (p<0,001). No período de 15 dias, o grupo CVCLT apresentou menor formação de colágeno tipo I em relação aos grupos CTR e LLLT (p<0,05). O uso da pasta de carvacrol associado à fotobiomodulação a laser otimiza o período inflamatório e o reparo tecidual.

Epidemiological Aspects of Cranioencephalic Trauma at Cuiabá Municipal Hospital, Brazil / Aspectos Epidemiológicos de los Traumatismos Craneoencefálicos Atendidos en el Hospital Municipal de Cuiabá, Brasil

ABSTRACT: Cranioencephalic trauma (CET) is defined is the combination of neural and vascular injuries and their inflammatory effects in the brain, skull and scalp. This modality of trauma may lead to motor, psychological and cognitive sequels or even death. The present study aimed to assess the main epidemiological aspects in victims of CET treated at Cuiabá Municipal Hospital (CMH), Brazil. An observational and analytical study was performed in the medical records of patients diagnosed with CET treated at CMH between July and December of 2000, 2006 and 2011. The information retrieved from the patients consisted of age, sex, place of residence, cause of trauma, association with other trauma, outcomes (death or discharge) and the severity of neurological effect (Glasgow Coma Scale). The data obtained was analyzed descriptively with absolute (n) and relative (%) quantification. Medical records of 669 victims were analyzed, out of which 567 were males (84.7 %). Male patients were aged between 20 and 39 years old (mean age: 32.8 years). The most prevalent cause of trauma was the motorcycle accident (26.6 %). The neurological severity of the CET was mild in most of the cases (32.5 %). Considering the place of residence, most of the patients (n=331; 49.5 %) were from the capital city of Mato Grosso State (Cuiabá, Brazil). Four-hundred seventy-nine (71.6 %) patients progressed without death. A high prevalence rate of CET was observed at CMH. Major attention must be given to young adult victims of motorcycle accidents.

RESUMEN: El traumatismo craneoencefálico (TCE) se define como una combinación de daño neural, insuficiencia vascular y efectos inflamatorios que comprometen el cráneo, el encéfalo y el cuero cabelludo, causando la muerte, o serias secuelas motoras, psicológicas y cognitivas. De esta forma, el objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar los principales aspectos epidemiológicos en victimas de Traumatismo Craneoencefálico (TCE) atendidas en el Hospital y Sala de Primeros Auxilios Municipal de Cuiabá (HPSMC), Brasil. Se trata de un estudio observacional de historias clínicas del archivo del HPSMC, admitidos con diagnóstico de TCE en el período de julio a diciembre de los años 2000, 2006 y 2011. Se consideraron el rango de edad, el sexo, la procedencia de las víctimas, la causa del trauma, la asociación con otros traumas, la defunción y el alta, el cuadro neurológico (Escala de Coma de Glasgow - ECG). El análisis de los datos fue descriptivo con números absolutos y porcentajes. Se evaluaron historias clínicas de 669 víctimas de TCE, en los que el sexo masculino fue el de mayor prevalencia con 567 casos (84,7 %), con mayor incidencia en el rango de edad de 20 a 39 años (39,2 %), el promedio de edad fue de 32,8 años, siendo la etiología más frecuente los accidentes motociclísticos (26,6 %). En el momento de la admisión de acuerdo al ECG hubo una predominancia de TCE leve (32,5 %). En cuanto a la procedencia, 331 (49,5 %) eran del municipio de Cuiabá. Del total de víctimas, 479 (71,6 %) evolucionaron hasta tener el alta hospitalaria. Se registró una prevalencia elevada de TCE en el HPSMC, con predominancia de víctimas adultas jóvenes de sexo masculino, siendo los accidentes motociclísticos la principal causa.

Death-associated protein kinase is underexpressed in high-grade oral squamous cell carcinoma / La expresión de la proteína quinasa asociada a muerte celular (DAP quinasa) está reducida en carcinoma de células escamosas oral de alto grado

An immunohistochemical analysis of 40 cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma was performed to evaluate the relationship between the expression pattern of death-associated protein kinase (DAPk) positive cells with the histological malignancy grading of these lesions. According to our results, eleven cases (27.5 percent) were high-grade malignancy tumours and 29 (72.5 percent) were low-grade ones. We found that 92.86 percent of the low-grade tumours were positive to anti-DAP kinase antibody whereas only 7.14 percent of the high-grade tumours presented positivity, and this difference was statistically significant (p<0.01). Sixteen (55.2 percent) of the low-grade carcinomas exhibited moderate immunoreactivity whereas ten cases (34.5 percent) showed weak staining and three cases (10.3 percent) were negative tumours. Immunostaining was lacking in nine (81.8 percent) of the high-grade carcinomas and "weak" in the two (18.2 percent) remaining cases. Thus, DAPk expression is significantly decreased in high-grade oral carcinomas, and evidences indicate that it might be related to the severity of cytological atypia.

Fue realizado un análisis inmunohistoquímico de 40 casos de carcinoma oral de células escamosas para evaluar la relación entre el patrón de expresión de la proteína quinasa (DAPK) asociada a la muerte celular y la clasificación histológica de malignidad de estas lesiones. Según nuestros resultados, 11 casos (27,5 por ciento) eran tumores de alto grado de malignidad y 29 (72,5 por ciento) de bajo grado. Se encontró que 92,86 por ciento de los tumores de bajo grado de malignidad fueron eran positivos para anticuerpos anti-DAP-quinasa, mientras que sólo 7,14 por ciento de los tumores de alto grado presentaron positividad, esta diferencia fue estadísticamente significativa (p <0,01). En 16 casos (55,2 por ciento) los carcinomas de bajo grado de malignidad mostraron inmunorreactividad moderada mientras que 10 casos (34,5 por ciento) mostraron una tinción débil y 3 casos (10,3 por ciento) fueron negativos. La inmunotinción estuvo ausente en 9 (81,8 por ciento) de los carcinomas de alto grado y "débil" grado de malignidad en los 2 (18,2 por ciento) casos restantes. Así, la expresión DAPK se redujo significativamente en los carcinomas orales de alto grado y las evidencias indican que podría estar relacionado con la severidad de la atipia citológica.